Transitioning from ESG theory to practice from a risk governance perspective is not an easy task. The Risk Coalition’s Risk Officers Sustainability Forum discussed the challenges at its most recent forum. Summarising the discussion, Alex Duncan highlights that the alignment with business strategy is the key building block for establishing fit-for-purpose ESG governance. Risks need to be considered from both an ‘inside-out and outside-in’ perspective and the CRO needs to be aware of the risks in producing and challenging transition plans to achieve net-zero targets. In the final analysis, a ‘do nothing’ approach or strategy is not viable.